Generative AI reshapes museum displays and visitor interaction
From Prefabricated Content to Situated Generation: A Four-Wave Longitudinal Study of AI-Mediated Museum Surfaces and Spaces
Human-Computer Interaction
Summary
Typically, museums prepare all visitor content in advance. This study followed Chinese science museum workers over four years as they adapted to using AI that can create content during visits. The researchers found that AI introduced new challenges like delays in generating responses, mixing multiple visitors' interactions, and needing ways to control AI content before it shows. Their work highlights a shift from showing fixed displays to creating dynamic, on-the-spot experiences with AI.
What this means in practice
- •For museum exhibit designers: Design interactive exhibits that integrate AI-generated content in real time while managing visitor interaction complexities and curator control.
- •For interactive display developers: Create AI-mediated display systems that handle multiple users' inputs and provide fallback content when generation delays occur.
A position paper. It proposes an approach and reports no results.
Authors
Yibo Meng, Xiujun Chen, Bingyi Liu, Xiaolan Ding
Abstract
Generative AI changes a basic condition of interactive surfaces and spaces (ISS): visitor-facing content can be produced during interaction rather than fully authored before it. We report a longitudinal qualitative study with 23 Chinese science museum practitioners, interviewed annually from 2023 to 2026 (retention 23 to 19) and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Participants' accounts moved from anticipated epistemic and operational risks, through backstage experimentation and visitor-facing trials, toward situated governance and renewed questions about the purpose of museum interaction. Following these changes over time shows how generative AI reconfigured the design problems of museum ISS: generated content appeared under institutional authority; inference delay became publicly and bodily experienced; concurrent touch, gesture, and speech created ambiguous multi-user intent; and post-generation editing could leave curators selecting within an AI-defined possibility space. We conceptualize the resulting shift as a movement from prefabricated display to situated generation and formulate four design propositions concerning provenance at the point of display, spatially appropriate fallback, multi-intent negotiation, and curatorial control before generation. These propositions are grounded in practitioner accounts rather than evaluations of implemented solutions.