Full classification of $\mathbb{Z}_{p^s}$-linear generalized Hadamard codes

The $\mathbb{Z}_{p^s}$-additive codes are subgroups of $\mathbb{Z}_{p^s}^n$. A $\mathbb{Z}_{p^s}$-linear generalized Hadamard (GH) code is a GH code over $\mathbb{Z}_p$ which is the Gray map image of a $\mathbb{Z}_{p^s}$-additive code. A recursive construction gives such codes $H_p^{t_1,\dots,t_s}$, of type $(n;t_1,\dots,t_s)$ and length $p^t$, and a partial classification of them is known. In this paper, we complete the classification of these codes for every prime $p$. The main tool is the derived code, obtained by puncturing the code outside a block of coordinates determined by its kernel. For a nonlinear code $H_p^{t_1,\dots,t_s}$ with $t_1\geq2$, the derived code is a $\mathbb{Z}_{p^{s-1}}$-linear GH code of the same family, although the mechanism for odd $p$ differs from the binary one. As a consequence, for $t\geq3$, there are $\mathcal P(t+1)-\mathcal P(t)$ nonequivalent such codes of length $p^t$ if $p$ is odd, and $\mathcal P(t+1)-\mathcal P(t)-1$ if $p=2$, where $\mathcal P(n)$ is the number of partitions of $n$. In particular, this completes the classification of the $\mathbb{Z}_{2^s}$-linear Hadamard codes. We also prove a conjecture on the codes with $t_1\geq2$ and $t_s=0$.