I2O2I-Nav: A Benchmark with a Modular Agent for Long-Horizon Indoor-to-Outdoor-to-Indoor Navigation
Robotics
Summary
The gist is being written…
Authors
Zhengjie Shu, Wanyu Li, Di Xiao, Lingxin Jiang, Lai Jiang, Kaidi Hu, Xincheng Tang, Wenkang Hu, Haoran Wang, Jinchuan Zhang, Chang Chen, Wei Li, Jia Pan, Ruigang Yang
Abstract
Service and delivery robots often need to complete long-horizon navigation missions spanning indoor and outdoor environments. Existing embodied navigation benchmarks primarily evaluate isolated stages or partial cross-domain journeys, providing limited support for assessing how heterogeneous navigation capabilities compose under continuous execution. We introduce I2O2I-Nav, a physics-enabled benchmark of 20 real-world composite scenes spanning over 115,000 square meters across multiple buildings and floors, with aligned 3DGS rendering and collision geometry. Its three-level evaluation progresses from independent primitives to two-stage compositions and complete four-stage I2O2I missions. Each stage starts from its predecessor's actual endpoint, while stage-conditional metrics track completion and localize failures along the mission. We further propose the MODULAR-Agent that coordinates frozen navigation policies through completion verification, stage handoffs, and bounded recovery. Evaluation across 1,374 episodes highlights the difficulty of continuous composition. The MODULAR-Agent achieves 40.5-76% success on individual primitives, but full I2O2I success remains low. Compared with a fixed policy chain using the same underlying policies, it more than doubles success on both Indoor-to-Outdoor (I2O) and Outdoor-to-Indoor (O2I), while improving full-mission success from 1.15% to 4.02%. Stage-wise analysis shows that the MODULAR-Agent enables more missions to reach the final object-navigation stage, where conditional success remains low, revealing challenges in both long-horizon stage execution and completion decisions.