From Trust-by-Design to Continuous Trust in the Era of Artificial Intelligence

Trust is crucial in the digital world, particularly in the age of systems based on artificial intelligence. Traditionally, system correctness is demonstrated by proving that the system satisfies the required properties. However, digital systems involve humans, who can make mistakes, break rules, or even intentionally cheat the system. Technical devices may also malfunction or cause errors. Therefore, external stakeholders need to trust a system throughout its operation. To address this challenge, we propose the concept of continuous trust. In this paper, we present a detailed explanation of this concept, based on a running example of a business's refund department. The paper concludes with a discussion of related work, such as compliance checking and certification, as well as an outlook on further questions regarding the formalization and the necessary tool support.