Cryptocurrencies in the Quantum Age: Migration Paths to PQC
2026-08-24 • Cryptography and Security
Cryptography and Security
AI summaryⓘ
The authors explain that quantum computers could break the security of blockchains like Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Solana, which use a type of cryptography called elliptic-curve cryptography. They look at different ways quantum attacks might happen, such as when data is stored, spent, or set up on the blockchain. The paper points out which parts of blockchains are most at risk from quantum attacks. It also reviews how these systems might switch to new security methods that can resist quantum computers, including some standards and new ideas for specific blockchains.
quantum computersblockchainelliptic-curve cryptographyBitcoinEthereumSolanapost-quantum securitydigital signaturesNIST standards
Authors
Aleksei Kodukhov
Abstract
Quantum computers pose a fundamental threat to blockchain systems that rely on elliptic-curve cryptography. This work reviews the quantum vulnerabilities and associated economic risks of major blockchain platforms, with a focus on Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Solana. We distinguish between at-rest, on-spend, and on-setup attacks and identify the blockchain components most exposed to quantum adversaries. We further review practical migration strategies toward post-quantum security, including NIST-standardized digital signatures and emerging solutions for Solana, Algorand, and Ethereum.