Fluid Antenna Array-Inspired Location-Posterior-Driven Subarray Sizing and Power Control for Two-Hop AF UAV Relaying
2026-08-17 • Information Theory
Information Theory
AI summaryⓘ
The authors study a way to improve wireless communication using a drone relay that has an antenna array which can change size and shape. They create a method that adjusts the antenna subarray size and the power used for sending signals based on estimates of user locations, balancing the strength and direction of the signal. By considering location uncertainty, their approach chooses antenna sizes that keep communication reliable while saving power. Testing their design showed it uses less energy and improves successful connections compared to using a fixed antenna setup.
fluid antenna arraysubarray sizingamplify-and-forward relayunmanned aerial vehiclebeamwidthlocation uncertaintytwo-hop communicationtransmit power designRician channelarray gain
Authors
Xuanyi Zhu, Jian Dang, Chen Zhao, Huaifeng Shi, Zaichen Zhang
Abstract
This paper develops fluid antenna array (FAA)-inspired subarray sizing and transmit-power design for a two-hop amplify-and-forward (AF) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relay using progressively contracting user-location posteriors. A contiguous reconfigurable subarray is shared by first-hop reception and second-hop forwarding, such that its active size jointly determines the receive gain, forwarding gain, and beamwidth. By adaptively controlling the effective aperture, the proposed design exploits geometric reconfigurability to balance array gain against pointing robustness under location uncertainty. Projecting the position covariance onto the array direction yields a closed-form direction-limited size inversely proportional to directional uncertainty. Posterior samples are propagated through the two-hop rate model, and the subarray size and transmit power are then selected to minimize UAV power subject to a worst-user lower-tail rate requirement and hardware power limits. The planned configuration is further audited over instantaneous two-hop Rician channels at the true user positions. At t = 8 s, the proposed design saves 3.17 dB over full-array narrow-beam transmission on paired feasible geometries and achieves 60.0% service success at a 0.15-W budget, compared with 43.2% for a fixed eight-element subarray.