Seeking Help in the Digital Age: A Cross-Platform Analysis of Online Support Systems for Technology-Facilitated Abuse Victims
2026-07-23 • Computers and Society
Computers and SocietySocial and Information Networks
AI summaryⓘ
The authors studied how well online platforms help people who suffer from technology-facilitated abuse, which means being harassed or threatened using digital tools. They looked at three types of online help: web searches, online forums, and AI chat systems, checking if the advice was useful, safe, and easy to understand. They found that while search engines and general AI give better advice than forums, none fully provide safe and trauma-sensitive support. Also, many search results had harmful links, and forums often contained toxic replies. Specialized chatbots made for survivors performed worse than general AI, showing a need for better-designed support tools.
technology-facilitated abusedigital harassmentonline supportweb search evaluationpeer-support forumsconversational AItrauma-informed caretoxicitysocial-engineering risklarge language models
Authors
Nowshin Tabassum, Solomon G. Dandekar, Morgan PettyJohn, Tim Ryan, Minjaal Raval, Rachel Voth Schrag, Mohit Singhal, Shirin Nilizadeh
Abstract
Technology-facilitated abuse (TFA), the use of digital technologies to stalk, harass, monitor or threaten others, has become a pervasive form of interpersonal harm. As victims turn to online sources for guidance, responses can shape how they assess risks, interpret abuse, and choose protective actions. We present a large-scale evaluation of online support for TFA victims across three channels: web search, peer-support forums, and conversational AI systems. Drawing on a decade of victim narratives from r/Stalking, we use qualitative coding and supervised classifiers to construct a dataset of TFA queries spanning 11 categories of technology misuse. We simulate these queries across the three channels and evaluate responses using a unified framework spanning technical, social, and safety dimensions. The framework assesses relevance, accuracy, actionability, persuasiveness, and understandability, alongside platform risks and support characteristics, including social-engineering risk, toxicity, empathy, bias, risky guidance, and support information. We build and validate automated classifiers to scale the evaluation. Our findings reveal differences in support quality across platforms. Google Search and general-purpose LLMs provide more relevant and actionable guidance than Reddit discussions, yet none consistently provide safe, trauma-informed support. More than 65% of victim queries encounter potentially malicious links in search results, over 20% of Reddit discussions contain toxic responses, and conversational AI systems frequently fail to provide risk-aware guidance or concrete support resources. Surprisingly, domain-specific survivor-support chatbots underperform general-purpose LLMs across most dimensions. These findings expose weaknesses in digital support for TFA victims and highlight the need for safety-centered design, evaluation, and deployment of future support technologies.