The FIL Hypothesis: Inductive Biases Help with Kernel Engineering
2026-06-29 • Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence
AI summaryⓘ
The authors revisit the idea that AI systems based purely on lots of computation and data will always win. They point out that many AI successes come from quick feedback, but future AI tasks in science and the real world might take hours or weeks to get feedback. This slow feedback makes it hard for data-driven methods to learn well. They propose adding expert knowledge to guide AI and show that this helps in a GPU programming task where feedback is slow.
Bitter LessonFeedback Information Loopinductive biasdata-driven methodsGPU programmingAI scalingverification signalexpert knowledgemachine learningreal-world AI applications
Authors
Nikolai Rozanov, Subhabrata Dutta, Preslav Nakov, Iryna Gurevych
Abstract
The Bitter Lesson, which posits that general-purpose methods that scale with computation and data ultimately outperform those with built-in human knowledge, has become a dominant paradigm in the era of Large Language Models. We revisit this principle by observing a new and critical scaling dimension: the duration of the Feedback Information Loop (FIL), the time required for a system to receive a verification signal after generating a prediction. Most historic successes in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have benefited from near instantaneous feedback (e.g., games or classification tasks), but we argue that future AI applications in science and the physical world will inherently involve FILs ranging from hours to weeks. This trend poses a fundamental scaling limit, as obtaining enough verification steps required by purely data-driven methods becomes practically impossible. Additionally, we propose a method that is orthogonal to purely data-driven approaches, based on human-inspired expert knowledge. The method relies on inductive biases and constraining the solution space. We provide an initial validation of the hypothesis and the method, by studying the real-world GPU programming task, a domain with non-trivial FIL, and demonstrate that incorporating inductive biases yields superior performance over data-driven approaches. The code is released under: https://github.com/ai-nikolai/robust_kernelbench