Do Vision Language Models Need to Process Image Tokens?

2026-04-10Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
AI summary

The authors studied how vision language models (VLMs) process images alongside text. They found that the visual part of the model quickly settles into a stable form early on, while the language part keeps changing deeper in the model. This means that the detailed image processing in later layers might not always be necessary. However, tasks that require generating multiple image-related words do need deeper visual understanding. Overall, the authors suggest rethinking the idea that deep visual processing is always crucial for these models.

Vision Language ModelsVisual EncodersLarge Language ModelsTransformerImage TokensIntrinsic DimensionalityEntropyMultimodal ModelsToken ProcessingDeterministic Decoding
Authors
Sambit Ghosh, R. Venkatesh Babu, Chirag Agarwal
Abstract
Vision Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable success by integrating visual encoders with large language models (LLMs). While VLMs process dense image tokens across deep transformer stacks (incurring substantial computational overhead), it remains fundamentally unclear whether sustained image-token processing is necessary for their performance or visual representations meaningfully evolve from early to later layers. In this work, we systematically investigate the functional role of image tokens in VLMs and show that visual representations rapidly converge to a bounded-complexity regime, \ie their entropy stabilizes, intrinsic dimensionality compresses, and trajectory curvature approaches a near-constant profile. In contrast, textual representations continue to undergo substantial restructuring across depth. Once stabilized, visual representations become largely interchangeable between layers, indicating limited additional transformation in deeper stages. Further, depth-wise visual truncation reveals that the necessity of visual processing is task-dependent, where single-token predictions remain comparatively robust to truncated visual depth, but multi-token generation require sustained access to visual representations. Under deterministic decoding, reducing visual depth perturbs intermediate reasoning trajectories more strongly than final outputs, suggesting that image tokens influence the structure of reasoning more than the ultimate conclusions. Collectively, these findings \textbf{question the assumption} that deeper visual processing is uniformly essential in VLMs, challenging the current paradigm of multimodal LLM architectures.