software integrators

Abstract: Modifying an existing application is difficult when it does not provide programmatic access for that change. Recent advances in computer-use agents (CUAs) enable richer understanding and operation of existing interfaces, while generative UI (GenUI) makes it practical to generate new ones. We examine how these advances expand software modification through a design space of what can be changed and a framework for how modifications can be implemented. We then introduce Interface Quilt, a system that combines CUAs and GenUI to generate interface patches, which are new interfaces displayed over an existing application to modify its presentation, interaction, and capabilities. Through demonstrations across a variety of applications, we show that interface patches support a range of modifications without source code, APIs, or accessibility data.

Abstract: Web API recommenders return a set of APIs for a mashup request but do not check it against provider documentation, the main public evidence of an API's capabilities. The set can therefore contain unsupported or redundant APIs and miss requested capabilities. Filling every apparent gap does not fix this, because a gap may already be served, may not need its own API, or may have no documented provider. We study post-recommendation refinement, which revises a frozen recommender's output using only the request, the catalog, and provider documentation. We propose WAR-CRAFT, which treats refinement as three decisions. An LLM removes unsupported or subsumed APIs by judging candidates jointly, then audits the remaining set against a requirement checklist derived from the request. For each uncovered requirement, a fine-tuned catalog-constrained Resolver proposes a catalog API or abstains, and an independent documentation check admits only supported proposals. On ProgrammableWeb with 7 heterogeneous upstream recommenders, WAR-CRAFT raises mean SetF1 from 0.558 to 0.644, above the strongest of 5 refinement baselines (62.5%), and roughly halves functional redundancy (0.127 to 0.065) without changing mean functional coverage. Gains range from +2.2 points on generative recommenders to +18.2 on fixed-cutoff rankers. At matched set sizes, WAR-CRAFT still outperforms truncating the upstream output, so the gain is not explained by set-size calibration alone. Our code is available at https://github.com/ZsXu-enrico/WAR-CRAFT.

Abstract: Choosing an OCR system for a multilingual archive requires balancing accuracy against deployment constraints. This study compares cloud and self-hosted systems on three tasks: bounding box detection on 48 Arabic, English, and French pages, text recognition on 315 pages across nine document types, and mathematical expression recognition on 83 English and Arabic samples. Detection was assessed by page-level visual grades, text by character error rate (CER) against a Gemini-generated reference transcription, and mathematics by scores against known answers. Main estimates are accompanied by 95% intervals and paired comparisons. Google Document AI and Surya produced Good line boxes on 47 of 48 (98%) and 46 of 48 (96%) pages. Datalab, Azure Document Intelligence, and Document AI had mean CERs of 0.145-0.152, with no difference detected in unadjusted paired comparisons. Surya had the lowest mean CER among self-hosted systems (0.199). No mathematical test had a statistically clear leader. Strict checks showed that near-perfect page scores could conceal a replaced Arabic variable or Eastern Arabic digits rewritten in Western form. Reliable evaluation therefore requires uncertainty estimates, structural checks, and notation-specific tests in addition to aggregate recognition scores.

Abstract: Independently authored skills can impose incompatible requirements, competing preferences, and redundant instructions when jointly loaded by an LLM agent. We propose SkillFusion, an offline compiler that reconciles these interactions into a reusable merged skill. Its central idea is to make composition decisions explicit through typed, scoped constraints linked to their source directives. A type-scope gate selects candidate interactions, while selective fallback revisits pairs potentially missed by structural pruning. A classifier identifies interaction types, and an adversarial verifier re-examines uncertain judgments. The resolver applies conditional routing or explicit priorities to hard conflicts, verified abstraction to soft conflicts, and deduplication to redundant instructions. Source-linked checks guide synthesis and compression, and metadata synthesis supports discovery of the merged skill. The resulting artifact retains associated scripts and resources and can be reused across tasks and executor models. SkillFusion achieves the highest mean Success among evaluated non-oracle methods on all three agent benchmarks and on both transfer benchmarks across three executor models. At the largest tested instruction configurations, it achieves over 2.5 times the Success of unresolved multi-skill loading, highlighting the growing value of reconciliation as composition becomes more demanding. The code will be open-sourced after the review process concludes.

Abstract: Cross-organizational collaboration is widely regarded as a key promise of SysML-based Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE), yet practitioners still face persistent challenges when exchanging and integrating system models. In parallel, Large Language Models (LLMs) raise expectations for AI-assisted model understanding and integration, while reliability and required human oversight continue to pose challenges. This paper reports the results of an online questionnaire survey with 29 MBSE stakeholders involved in cross-organizational collaboration. Respondents rated eight predefined integration challenge categories and six AI-supported task types on five-point Likert scales. The results indicate that stakeholders perceive model integration as a multi-dimensional alignment problem across semantics, behavior, traceability, and exchange interoperability. These perceptions vary by organizational role and frequency of integration involvement. AI is rated highly useful for analysis tasks such as semantic structure analysis and inconsistency detection, and respondents predominantly prefer human-in-the-loop use with mandatory verification. These findings motivate AI support that enhances, rather than replaces, engineering responsibility in SysML-based integration.

Abstract: Run two process-discovery algorithms on the same event log and they return two different pictures of the same process. Petri nets, causal nets, process trees and BPMN each rely on routing machinery of their own, and their only common ground is the traces they generate. A trace lists activities one after another, so it discards the concurrency the notations exist to express, and two models with identical trace languages can describe genuinely different processes. Whether two discovered models mean the same thing therefore has no notation-independent answer. We show that all four notations admit one canonical presentation, a signature recording a model's activities and the typed interfaces along which they compose, and nothing of the routing machinery. Four construction theorems establish this presentation notation by notation, so two models are compared in a form that each notation determines on its own. Signature equality implies trace equivalence and is strictly finer, separating genuine concurrency from interleaved choice, which a trace comparison cannot, and signature inclusion implies trace inclusion. In a recovery study on one object-centric log, the discovered causal net has exactly the ground-truth signature, while the discovered Petri net's signature strictly contains it and locates every behaviour the Petri net adds in its silent structure. The gain is largest for object-centric data, where a single log supports several notations at once. The four notations become one calculus, in which a translation between them is a claim that can be checked.