Papers for

optimization algorithm designers

Papers whose findings have a practical use for this group, as judged from the abstract. Open a paper to read what it means in practice.

Finding specific Nash equilibria in games is computationally hard

Finding a Positive Index Nash Equilibrium is PPADS-Complete

Abstract: Every nondegenerate bimatrix game has a Nash equilibrium of Shapley index +1, since all equilibria are isolated, have index +1 or -1, and their indices sum to +1. We prove that the following promise search problem is PPADS-complete: given a rational bimatrix game promised to be nondegenerate, find an exact Nash equilibrium of index +1. To our knowledge, this is the first PPADS-complete equilibrium search problem whose instances are explicit rational normal form payoff matrices, rather than succinct circuits or Turing machines, and thereby addresses an open question posed by Daskalakis [Daskalakis, 2019].

Sun 20 SeptComputational ComplexityComputer Science and Game Theory
The gist
The paper shows that finding a special type of stable outcome called a Nash equilibrium with a positive index in certain two-player games is computationally difficult. Every such game has equilibria whose indices sum to one, but identifying exactly one with index +1 is proven to be hard. The authors’ result settles a previously open question by proving this problem is complete for a complexity class known as PPADS. This means that solving these games in this precise way is as hard as the hardest problems in that class.
Open 2609.23879v1

Elementary proof shows balanced sign choices keep vectors small

An elementary proof of the Komlós conjecture

Abstract: We give an elementary proof of the Komlós conjecture by simplifying the recent proof of Guo, Fang, and Lu. We show that any vectors $v_1,\ldots,v_n\in\mathbb{R}^d$ with $\|v_i\|_2\le1$ admit signs $\varepsilon_i\in\{-1,1\}$ such that $\|\sum_{i=1}^n\varepsilon_i v_i\|_\infty\le36$. The proof uses only elementary combinatorial and probabilistic arguments and basic calculus.

Thu 17 SeptComputational Complexity
The gist
The paper solves a problem about balancing numbers attached to points in space so that when added up with plus or minus signs, their largest coordinate stays small. The authors provide an easier and more straightforward demonstration than before, showing that for any set of points within a unit size, it's always possible to pick plus or minus signs so their combined effect is limited by a specific number. The proof only uses basic math tools like elementary counting and probability, making it accessible and simpler.
Open 2609.20979v1