Papers for

on-device ai developers

Papers whose findings have a practical use for this group, as judged from the abstract. Open a paper to read what it means in practice.

Analog hardware improves large language model tuning with fewer updates

Robust Parameter-Efficient LLM Adaptation on Analog Hardware

Abstract: Analog in-memory computing is a promising platform for on-device execution of large language models because it performs matrix--vector multiplications (MVMs) in memory and in parallel, reducing data movement. However, limited digital-to-analog converter precision, input noise, and finite conductance states can degrade model accuracy, while full-model retraining to address these effects can be costly. We develop an optimizer-agnostic, parameter-efficient adaptation method based on Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), keeping the pretrained weights stored on analog arrays fixed while training the LoRA weights to adapt to downstream tasks and hardware non-idealities. Reliable adaptation requires handling errors in both forward and backward MVMs and physical weight updates. We use input reshaping to reduce input-induced MVM errors and update accumulation to retain small updates before programming them to finite-state analog devices. Across Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct and Llama-3-8B with both Muon and AdamW, input reshaping improves analog LoRA fine-tuning under noisy MVM computation. Update accumulation separately preserves sub-threshold updates and substantially improves adaptation under finite-resolution programming, including configurations with as few as 20 conductance states. Additional experiments show consistent held-out negative log-likelihood improvements across noisy analog settings.

Sun 4 OctMachine Learning
The gist
Running large language models on analog hardware can save energy and speed up calculations, but the hardware's imperfections can cause errors. The authors created a method that adjusts only small parts of the model, keeping the main model fixed on analog devices, which adapts better to these imperfections. They use techniques to reduce errors from noisy calculations and to carefully apply tiny tweaks that would otherwise be lost on these devices. Their approach helps maintain good results even when the analog hardware has limited precision.
Open → 2610.05318v1