Papers for

mathematics educators

Papers whose findings have a practical use for this group, as judged from the abstract. Open a paper to read what it means in practice.

Minimum steps to create all numbers under fixed math operations cycle

Making Every Number from 1 to N Under a Fixed Cycle of $+$, $\times$, $-$, $÷$

Abstract: Start with the number $2$. At each move, combine two numbers already made, but the operations must be used in the fixed repeating order $+,\times,-,÷$. We ask for the fewest moves needed to make every integer from $1$ to $N$. Since $2$ is already one of the numbers we want and each move makes at most one new number, at least $N-1$ moves are needed. We show that $N-1$ moves are also enough for every $N\ge 9$. Conventional induction cannot work, because a division that comes right after a completed interval $\{1,\dots,P\}$ produces numbers already made. Instead we extend a completed interval $\{1,\dots,P\}$ to $\{1,\dots,3P\}$ all at once, which counting shows is the smallest multiplicative extension $P\to kP$ that can work, and then adjust the last few moves to reach every other $N$. For $9\le N\le 33$ we give explicit sequences, found by computer search.

Wed 7 OctDiscrete Mathematics
The gist
This paper looks at a puzzle where you start with the number 2 and try to make every number from 1 to N by combining previous numbers, but you must use addition, multiplication, subtraction, and division in a repeating order. The authors find the smallest number of steps needed to do this is always N - 1 for any N greater or equal to 9. They can't use usual methods to prove this, so they find a clever way to jump from a range of numbers to a bigger range all at once. They also provide exact sequences of steps for numbers up to 33, found by computer search.
Open → 2610.10095v1

Formal origami math proofs enable new folding model tools

A Lean Paper About Paper: A Formal Framework for Origami

Abstract: The mathematics of Origami have been well studied and shown to develop several interesting results. We use Lean 4 tactics and build on Mathlib to redefine the 7 Huzita operations as theorems instead of axioms and prove their existence. We develop proofs for important origami constructions (such as trisecting an angle), implement origami-constructible numbers and prove the associated Cardano's formula, and formalize Haga's theorem. A Crease Pattern Inspector explores physical folding by providing a full pipeline to create and visualize models constrained by the Huzita formalism. The Lean codebase brings 100+ theorems and lemmas.

Mon 14 SeptLogic in Computer Science
The gist
Mathematics behind paper folding, known as origami, is quite complex. The authors used a formal proof system called Lean 4 to turn key origami folding rules from assumptions into proven facts. They also created computer code to model and visualize folded paper based on these rules. This work helps confirm the math behind classic origami problems and builds tools to explore folding in a precise way.
Open → 2609.14912v1