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Spikelite simplifies spiking neural networks for better time-series forecasts

SpikeLite: Lightweight Spiking Neural Networks for Time-Series Forecasting

Abstract: Spiking neural networks (SNNs) offer an energy-efficient paradigm for time-series forecasting through spike-driven computation. However, recent SNN forecasters often pursue higher accuracy through increasingly complex attention mechanisms, or specialized neuronal dynamics, weakening the lightweight motivation of SNNs. We introduce SpikeLite, a spiking forecasting framework built around two modules: a Frequency-Selective Spiking Encoder (FSSE) for frequency-sensitive temporal encoding and a Sparse Spiking Channel Attention (SSCA) module for selective cross-channel interaction. FSSE exploits the low-pass filtering behavior of LIF dynamics to reorganize each input sequence into frequency-sensitive components while collectively preserving the input at the decomposition stage. SSCA then learns a binary mask from encoded channel representations and uses it to selectively exchange information within spike-driven self-attention, retaining informative cross-channel interactions while suppressing redundant ones. When explicit channel interaction is unnecessary, SpikeLite uses the lighter FSSE-only channel-independent path. Experiments under the SeqSNN and SpikF protocols cover four standard multivariate and eight long-term forecasting benchmarks. SpikeLite achieves the best aggregate performance under both protocols, with an average $R^2$ of 0.790 and RSE of 0.440, and lowest average MSE/MAE of 0.343/0.345 in long-term forecasting. Moreover, evaluation on the ECL dataset shows that SpikeLite achieves the lowest reported energy consumption, further demonstrating its potential for energy-efficient time-series forecasting.

Mon 28 SeptMachine LearningArtificial Intelligence
The gist
Time-series forecasting predicts what will happen next based on data collected over time, but it often uses a lot of energy. The authors created SpikeLite, a simpler and more energy-efficient spiking neural network model. They designed two parts: one focuses on recognizing important time-based patterns, and the other smartly decides which data channels to pay attention to. Their tests show SpikeLite works well on various forecasting tasks while using less energy than previous methods.
Open → 2609.35097v1