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AI peer review scores vary and depend on reviewers strongly

Can We Believe AI Peer Review?

Abstract: As large language models become widely used in scientific review and manuscript revision, AI scores are increasingly serving as feedback for assessing paper quality and guiding edits. Yet whether a single AI score reliably reflects the reviewer's judgment, and whether revision gains based on that score are endorsed by other reviewers, remain understudied. Using 200 papers from ICLR 2025 and 2026 and approximately 14,000 AI reviews, we study score reliability, score-distribution estimation, and cross-model agreement on revision gains. Repeated reviews fluctuate even under identical conditions. Finer-grained scoring protocols reduce score variance but also systematically shift mean scores, while the gains assigned to manuscript revisions depend strongly on the reviewer.

Wed 14 OctArtificial Intelligence
The gist
The paper studies how reliable AI-generated scores are for reviewing scientific papers. The authors found that the scores can change a lot even when the same paper is reviewed again under identical conditions. Changing the scoring method can reduce how much scores vary but shifts average scores. Also, different AI reviewers give different feedback on how much a paper improves after revision.
Open → 2610.19339v1