Guide Me Out: A Framework to Benchmark VLM Operators Communication in Crisis Scenarios

2026-06-08Computation and Language

Computation and Language
AI summary

The authors studied how AI systems that understand both pictures and language can help guide people during simulated evacuations. They tested different ways of communicating (narrowcast vs. broadcast), different ways the AI sees the environment (visual images vs. maps), and different types of threats (stationary vs. moving). They found that sending targeted messages (narrowcast) works better than broadcasting to everyone, and using visual data helps improve guidance. However, moving dangers make it harder for the AI to give good advice. Overall, the authors show that making AI effectively assist in evacuations is complicated and depends a lot on how the AI communicates and understands the environment.

Vision-Language ModelsCrisis CommunicationEvacuation SimulationNarrowcast vs. BroadcastVisual ModalityGraph-based EnvironmentMoving ThreatsAI OperatorsSpatial Communication
Authors
Giacomo Gonella, Stefano Menini, Marco Guerini
Abstract
Effective crisis response requires spatially grounded communication that bridges linguistic guidance of civilians with the physical environment, accounting for structural bottlenecks, evolving threats, and agent-specific contexts. Yet, current NLP research in crisis communication remains mainly limited to static, text-only classification settings, overlooking the critical communicative role of AI operators in dynamic, embodied scenarios. We address this gap with a novel benchmarking framework for evaluating Vision-Language Models (VLMs) tasked with guiding civilian agents through simulated evacuations. We test two communication strategies (narrowcast vs. broadcast), two environment representations (visual vs. graph-based), and two threat behaviors (static vs. moving) across nine maps of varying structural complexity. Our results show that Narrowcast consistently reduces civilian Fail rates compared to Broadcast across all difficulty levels. Guidance quality depends heavily on how the VLM operator represents the world: the visual modality drives performance, while adding an adjacency graph is model-dependent and often harmful. Moving threats raise Fail rates across all conditions as communication must continuously adapt over time. Together, these findings show that deploying VLMs as AI operators in evacuation scenarios remains a non-trivial challenge, where the choice of communication strategy and input representation can directly determine the success or failure of the intervention.